Princess: Stepping Out of the Shadows, стр. 78
2015
January.
After a four-month battle, Kurdish fighters defeat the Islamic State, pushing them from the city of Kobane, which is located on the Turkish border.
May
. Fighters of the Islamic State seize the ancient city of Palmyra in central Syria and proclaim they will destroy the pre-Islamic World Heritage site.
June.
Kurdish fighters intensify the battle against Islamic State in a region between the Turkish border and Raqqa.
September
. Russia bombs the Syrian rebels who are fighting against the Assad regime. The Russian government claims to be attacking Islamic State, but the opposition groups fighting the government declare this to be inaccurate.
October
. The United States deploys a small force of Special Operations to the Kurdish-controlled territory in northern Syria in order to assist Kurdish forces who are fighting ISIS in that region.
December
. Rebels fighting Assad evacuate the city of Homs. For the first time in four years, the Syrian government resumes control of the besieged city.
2016
February
. A temporary ceasefire between the Assad government and the revolutionary rebels is called so that relief organizations can assist beleaguered Syrian civilians.
March
. The Islamic State and the Assad government forces are in a battle over the city of Palmyra. Government forces, with the assistance of the Russians, win the battle and resume command (in December the Islamic State will retake the city).
Russia begins withdrawing forces from Syria, and the Syrian government announces to Western media that the Russian military campaign in their country will be ending.
August
. Turkey enters the fray when its government sends forces into Syria to assist rebel groups battling Islamic State militants, as well as some Kurdish-led rebels.
September
. Innocent Syrian civilians, including children, are killed during airstrikes in the country. Russia and the United States accuse each other of violating the ceasefire which came into effect three days prior to the murderous airstrikes.
The United States lead a coalition strike near the Deir Ezzor Airport, but there are sixty-two Syrian soldiers killed in the ‘friendly fire’ incident.
The UN halts air operations in Syria after a Syrian Arab Red Crescent aid convoy is bombed.
The ancient city of Aleppo is targeted, with 200 airstrikes from the Assad regime.
December
. Syrian government troops, assisted by Russia and Iran, recapture the city of Aleppo. With the fall of Aleppo, the largest city in Syria, the rebels lose their last major city after four years of control.
2017
January
. A ceasefire between non-Islamic rebels fighting Assad’s forces and the government is enforced by Turkey, Iran and Russia.
April
. Syrian civilians are killed in a suspected chemical attack in the rebel-controlled village of Khan Sheikhoun. The Russians and the Syrians make an attempt to blame the rebels for the chemical attack, but activists say no, it was the Syrian government. In response to the alleged chemical attack, the United States bombs a Syrian government airbase (where warplanes are based) with sixty-nine Tomahawk cruise missiles.
May
. The United States arms the YPG Kurdish Popular Protection Units, who fight among the Syrian Democratic Forces which are fighting the Assad government.
June
. The United States shoots down a Syrian fighter jet after the pilot bombs the Syrian Democratic Forces fighting against the Assad regime.
July
. Putin and Trump reach an agreement to curb the violence in south-west Syria.
October
. The Islamic State Group loses Raqqa, the village serving as their capital in Syria.
The UN and international chemical weapons inspectors find that the Assad regime is responsible for the April Sarin attack that killed more than eighty people. Despite the evidence, Syria denies the attack and denies having chemical weapons.
December
. Putin visits Syria and announces that the mission is accomplished regarding their battle against the Islamic State.
2018
January
. The government of Turkey attacks northern Syria in an effort to eject Kurdish rebels that control the area.
February
. The Syrian government launches a massive military assault on Eastern Ghouta, which is the last rebel-held enclave near to Damascus.
The UN Security Council approves a thirty-day ceasefire in Syria, but the ceasefire is disorganized and does not really help the civilians in that country.
Within a few minutes of the ‘humanitarian pause’ ordered by Putin, Syrian activists report being shelled and attacked by artillery fire by Assad forces.
March
. UNICEF announces that in only the first two months of 2018, 342 children have been killed and 803 injured.
April
. Eastern Ghouta claims to have been struck by chemical attacks in Douma. The United States, France and Britain quickly carry out retaliatory strikes on Syrian government targets.
It is reported that helicopters have dropped barrel bombs filled with toxic gas on a rebel-held town in Eastern Ghouta. WHO announces that as many as 500 civilians are victims of the brutal attack.
France, the United Kingdom and the United States launch punishing airstrikes against the Syrian government for the attack on Eastern Ghouta.
Appendix Four
Prophet Mohammed
The historian Bernard Lewis has written about the magnitude of Prophet Mohammed’s accomplishments. ‘He had achieved a great deal. To the pagan peoples of western Arabia, he had brought a new religion, which, with its monotheism and its ethical doctrines, stood on an incomparably higher level than the paganism it replaced and in the following centuries was to become the guide for many millions of believers. But he had done more than that: he had established a community and a well-organized armed state, the power and prestige of which made it a dominant factor in Arabia.’
570
Prophet Mohammed is born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. His father had died prior to his birth. His full name is Abu al-Qasim Mohammed bin Abd Allah bin Abd al-Muttalib bin Hashim bin Abd Manaf bin Qusai bin Kilab, meaning to praise or to glorify.
575
His mother dies and his paternal grandfather and uncle raise him.
595
He marries an older woman, who is a wealthy widow. Her name is Kadijah. They have six children. He has another son with a